Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 10, Number 1, February 2017, pages 33-41

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Samples of Gastric Biopsies

Figure 2. Histological section of gastric mucosa with H. pylori chronic gastritis. (A) Gastritis. (B) Inflammatory activity. (C) Oxyntic mucosal gastritis. (D) Lymphoid follicle (arrow) (H&E, × 100).

**Table 1.** Prevalence of Gastric Mucosa Types Represented in the Study and Levels of *H. pylori* Infection
	N	%
Mucosa type
Antrum	12,322	95.5
Fundus	6,058	46.9
Antrum and fundus	5,504	42.6
Cardia	3	0.02
Body	62	0.5
Antral-fundic transition	75	0.6
H. pylori infection levels
Mild	5,857	45.4
Moderate	5,587	43.3
Severe	1,465	11.3

Table 1. Prevalence of Gastric Mucosa Types Represented in the Study and Levels of H. pylori Infection

Mucosa type

Antrum

12,322

95.5

Fundus

6,058

46.9

Antrum and fundus

5,504

42.6

Cardia

0.02

Body

0.5

Antral-fundic transition

0.6

H. pylori infection levels

Mild

5,857

45.4

Moderate

5,587

43.3

Severe

1,465

11.3

**Table 2.** Histopathologic Findings of the Gastric Mucosa in Patients With Positive *H. pylori* Infection
	N	%
Glandular atrophy
Absent	12,033	93.23
Mild	793	6.14
Moderate	75	0.58
Severe	5	0.04
Metaplasia classification
Absent	11,548	89.5
Focal	939	7.3
Multifocal	310	2.4
Diffuse	112	0.9
Evidence of ulcerated injury	538	4.2
Fibrinoleukocytic crust	289	2.2
Foveolar hyperplasia	2,033	15.7
Lymphoid follicles	8,001	62
Granulomas	23	0.2

Table 2. Histopathologic Findings of the Gastric Mucosa in Patients With Positive H. pylori Infection

Glandular atrophy

Absent

12,033

93.23

Mild

793

6.14

Moderate

0.58

Severe

0.04

Metaplasia classification

Absent

11,548

89.5

Focal

939

7.3

Multifocal

310

2.4

Diffuse

112

0.9

Evidence of ulcerated injury

538

4.2

Fibrinoleukocytic crust

289

2.2

Foveolar hyperplasia

2,033

15.7

Lymphoid follicles

8,001

Granulomas

0.2

**Table 3.** Correlation Between Inflammation and Biopsied Gastric Regions in Patients With Positive *H. pylori* Infection
	Antral	Fundus	Cardia	Body	Antral-fundic transition
Chronic inflammation
Absent	5	0.04	91	1.5	0	0	1	1.6	0	0
Mild	1,599	12.97	1,324	21.9	0	0	20	31.7	2	2.7
Moderate	8,335	67.64	3,875	64	2	66.7	41	65.1	56	74.7
Severe	2,383	19.33	768	12.7	1	33.3	1	1.6	17	22.7
Inflammatory activity
Absent	506	4.1	514	8.5	0	0	6	9.7	7	9.3
Mild	4,934	40	2,495	41.2	1	33.3	25	40.3	31	41.3
Moderate	6,024	48.9	2,809	46.3	1	33.3	30	48.4	32	42.7
Severe	858	7.0	240	4	1	33.3	1	1.6	5	6.7

Table 3. Correlation Between Inflammation and Biopsied Gastric Regions in Patients With Positive H. pylori Infection

Antral

Fundus

Cardia

Body

Antral-fundic transition

Chronic inflammation

Absent

0.04

1.5

1.6

Mild

1,599

12.97

1,324

21.9

31.7

2.7

Moderate

8,335

67.64

3,875

66.7

65.1

74.7

Severe

2,383

19.33

768

12.7

33.3

1.6

22.7

Inflammatory activity

Absent

506

4.1

514

8.5

9.7

9.3

Mild

4,934

2,495

41.2

33.3

40.3

41.3

Moderate

6,024

48.9

2,809

46.3

33.3

48.4

42.7

Severe

858

7.0

240

33.3

1.6

6.7

**Table 4.** Correlation Between Histopathological Findings of Antral Region and Other Locations of the Gastric Mucosa in *H. pylori* Positive Patients
	Antral	Others regions	X² (P-value)
X²: Chi-square test. *Linear association.
Glandular atrophy
Absent	11,453	92.97	580	98.8	25.8 (< 0.001)*
Mild	788	6.40	5	0.9
Moderate	73	0.59	2	0.3
Severe	5	0.04	0	0
H. pylori search
Mild (+/3+)	5,539	45	318	54.1	27.4 (< 0.001)*
Moderate (++/3+)	5,353	43.4	234	39.9
Severe (+++/3)	1,430	11.6	35	6
Metaplastic classification
Absent	10,975	89.1	573	97,6	43.5 (< 0.001)
Focal	111	0.9	1	0.2
Multifocal	928	7.5	11	1.9
Diffuse	308	2.5	2	0.3
Evidence of ulcerated injury	528	4.3	10	1.7	9.3 (0.002)
Fibrinoleucocytic crust	279	2.3	10	1.7	0.80 (0.370)
Foveolar hyperplasia	1,997	16.2	36	6.1	42.8 (< 0.001)
Lymphoid follicles	7,780	63.1	221	37.6	154 (< 0.001)
Granulomas	22	0.02	1	0.02	0.002 (0.963)

Table 4. Correlation Between Histopathological Findings of Antral Region and Other Locations of the Gastric Mucosa in H. pylori Positive Patients

Antral

Others regions

X² (P-value)

X²: Chi-square test. *Linear association.

Glandular atrophy

Absent

11,453

92.97

580

98.8

25.8 (< 0.001)*

Mild

788

6.40

0.9

Moderate

0.59

0.3

Severe

0.04

H. pylori search

Mild (+/3+)

5,539

318

54.1

27.4 (< 0.001)*

Moderate (++/3+)

5,353

43.4

234

39.9

Severe (+++/3)

1,430

11.6

Metaplastic classification

Absent

10,975

89.1

573

97,6

43.5 (< 0.001)

Focal

111

0.9

0.2

Multifocal

928

7.5

1.9

Diffuse

308

2.5

0.3

Evidence of ulcerated injury

528

4.3

1.7

9.3 (0.002)

Fibrinoleucocytic crust

279

2.3

1.7

0.80 (0.370)

Foveolar hyperplasia

1,997

16.2

6.1

42.8 (< 0.001)

Lymphoid follicles

7,780

63.1

221

37.6

154 (< 0.001)

Granulomas

0.02

0.002 (0.963)

**Table 5.** Correlation Between Histopathological Findings of Fundus and Other Locations of the Gastric Mucosa in *H. pylori* Positive Patients
	Fundus	Other regions	X² (P-value)
X²: Chi-square test. *Linear association.
Glandular atrophy
Absent	5,688	93.92	6,345	92.63	9.6 (0.002)*
Mild	339	5.60	454	6.63
Moderate	27	0.45	48	0.7
Severe	2	0.03	3	0.04
H. pylori infection levels
Mild (+/3+)	2,807	46.3	3,050	44.5	5.6 (0.018)*
Moderate (++/3+)	2,595	42.8	2,992	43.7
Severe (+++/3+)	656	10.8	809	11.8
Metaplastic classification
Absent	5,451	90	6,097	89	5.7 (0.127)
Focal	55	0.9	57	0.8
Multifocal	424	7	515	7.5
Diffuse	128	2.1	182	2.7
Evidence of ulcerated injury	257	4.2	281	4.1	0.16 (0.690)
Fibrinoleucocytic crust	97	1.6	192	2.8	21.2 (< 0.001)
Foveolar hyperplasia	1,015	16.8	1,018	14.5	8.7 (0.003)
Lymphoid follicles	3,984	65.8	4,017	58.6	69.3 (< 0.001)
Granulomas	15	0.2	8	0.1	3.09 (0.079)

Table 5. Correlation Between Histopathological Findings of Fundus and Other Locations of the Gastric Mucosa in H. pylori Positive Patients

Fundus

Other regions

X² (P-value)

X²: Chi-square test. *Linear association.

Glandular atrophy

Absent

5,688

93.92

6,345

92.63

9.6 (0.002)*

Mild

339

5.60

454

6.63

Moderate

0.45

0.7

Severe

0.03

0.04

H. pylori infection levels

Mild (+/3+)

2,807

46.3

3,050

44.5

5.6 (0.018)*

Moderate (++/3+)

2,595

42.8

2,992

43.7

Severe (+++/3+)

656

10.8

809

11.8

Metaplastic classification

Absent

5,451

6,097

5.7 (0.127)

Focal

0.9

0.8

Multifocal

424

515

7.5

Diffuse

128

2.1

182

2.7

Evidence of ulcerated injury

257

4.2

281

4.1

0.16 (0.690)

Fibrinoleucocytic crust

1.6

192

2.8

21.2 (< 0.001)

Foveolar hyperplasia

1,015

16.8

1,018

14.5

8.7 (0.003)

Lymphoid follicles

3,984

65.8

4,017

58.6

69.3 (< 0.001)

Granulomas

0.2

0.1

3.09 (0.079)