Figures
![Figure 1.](/tables/gr379w-g001.jpg)
Figure 1. Elevation of plasma zinc after 14 days of 50 mg supplemental Zn per day. Results shown represent the mean ± standard error of the mean. A group of n = 10 healthy control, test subjects had a blood sample taken 12 hours after their final Zn dose. A second group (n = 5), also healthy controls, had their blood sample taken only 2 hours after their final Zn dose. *P < 0.005 (paired Student’s t test); **P < 0.01 against their own pre-zinc supplement plasma Zn values.
![Figure 2.](/tables/gr379w-g002.jpg)
Figure 2. Lack of effect of Zn supplementation on plasma copper levels. A group of n = 10 healthy control, test subjects had their blood sample taken 12 hours after their final Zn dose. P = 0.35 (paired Student’s t). Not significant. Data shown represent mean ± standard error of the mean.
![Figure 3.](/tables/gr379w-g003.jpg)
Figure 3. Effect of PPI use on percentage change in plasma zinc levels after zinc supplementation. The increase in plasma zinc levels after 14 days of 53.2 mg/day zinc supplementation was measured for n = 5 healthy control test subjects versus n = 5 reflux-disease patients on long-term PPI therapy. Data shown represent the mean percentage increase ± the standard error of the mean. P < 0.01 (paired Student’s t test).
![Figure 4.](/tables/gr379w-g004.jpg)
Figure 4. The effect of chronic PPI use on plasma zinc levels. Plasma zinc levels (mcg/dL) were measured in a group of 10 test subjects on long-term PPI medication (as described in Methods) and a matched group of 10 healthy control test subjects not taking PPI, antacid or H2 blocker medication. For the healthy control group, the mean (±standard error of the mean) was 91 mcg/dL ± 3 and the mean for the PPI-group was 75 mcg/dL ± 3 (Paired Student’s t test, P = 0.004).
Table
Table 1. Demographic Data
| Study 1 (n = 15) | Study 2 (n = 5) | Study 3 (n = 10) |
---|
Controls | Controls | PPI users | Controls | PPI Users |
---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
---|
*Barretts, Hemochromatosis. |
Age (years) | | | | | | | | | | |
18 – 30 | 5 | 33.3 | 3 | 60 | 3 | 60 | 6 | 60 | 2 | 20 |
31 - 40 | 2 | 13.3 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 20 | 1 | 10 |
41 – 50 | 4 | 26.7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 40 |
51 – 60 | 2 | 13.3 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 20 | 3 | 30 |
> 60 | 2 | 13.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Gender | | | | | | | | | | |
Male | 5 | 33.3 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 20 | 5 | 50 | 4 | 40 |
Female | 10 | 66.7 | 4 | 80 | 4 | 80 | 5 | 50 | 6 | 60 |
Ethnicity | | | | | | | | | | |
Caucasian | 13 | 86.7 | 4 | 80 | 5 | 100 | 7 | 70 | 9 | 90 |
Asian | 2 | 13.3 | 1 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 30 | 0 | 0 |
African American | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
Type of PPI | | | | | | | | | | |
n/a | | | | | | | | | | |
Protonix | | | | | 0 | 0 | | | 3 | 30 |
Prilosec | | | | | 2 | 40 | | | 4 | 40 |
Nexium | | | | | 1 | 20 | | | 1 | 10 |
Aciphex | | | | | 1 | 20 | | | 2 | 20 |
Prevacid | | | | | 1 | 20 | | | 0 | 0 |
PPI Duration | | | | | | | | | | |
n/a | | | | | | | | | | |
6 months-2 years | | | | | | | | | 4 | 40 |
> 2 years | | | | | | | | | 6 | 60 |
GI Disease | | | | | | | | | | |
GERD | 3 | 20 | | | 5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 90 |
Other | 0 | 0 | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1* | 10 |
None | 12 | 80 | | | 0 | 0 | 10 | 100 | | 0 |