Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 4, Number 2, April 2011, pages 51-57

Esophageal Dysmotility in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients After Ingestion of Liquids With Different Viscosities

**Table 1.** Clinical Characteristics of Chronic Renal Failure Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment
Patient	Primary renal disease	Dialysis duration	Urea*	Creatinine*	Calcium*	Phosphorus*	Medication
CGN: chronic glomerulonephritis; PKD: polycystic kidney disease; A: vitamin preparations; normal ranges: (a) 10 - 25 mg/dL, (b) 0.7 - 1.4 mg/dL, (c) 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL, (d) 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL. *values obtained the day the patients underwent the manometry examination.
1	CGN	168	120	11.9	8.3	5.5	A
2	CGN	180	130	13.6	8.0	5.9	A
3	PKD	96	195	17.1	8.3	6.1	A
4	CGN	108	152	14.2	9.2	5.2	A
5	CGN	204	170	15.3	8.8	5.3	A
6	CGN	72	102	9.8	8.0	5.1	A
7	PKD	58	120	11.9	8.1	5.4	A
8	CGN	144	94	9.1	8.5	5.0	A
9	CGN	21	153	13.5	8.3	4.8	A

Table 1. Clinical Characteristics of Chronic Renal Failure Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment

Patient

Primary renal disease

Dialysis duration

Urea*

Creatinine*

Calcium*

Phosphorus*

Medication

(months)

(mg/dL)^a

(mg/dL)^b

(mg/dL)^c

(mg/dL)^d

CGN: chronic glomerulonephritis; PKD: polycystic kidney disease; A: vitamin preparations; normal ranges: (a) 10 - 25 mg/dL, (b) 0.7 - 1.4 mg/dL, (c) 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL, (d) 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL. *values obtained the day the patients underwent the manometry examination.

CGN

168

120

11.9

8.3

5.5

CGN

180

130

13.6

8.0

5.9

PKD

195

17.1

8.3

6.1

CGN

108

152

14.2

9.2

5.2

CGN

204

170

15.3

8.8

5.3

CGN

102

9.8

8.0

5.1

PKD

120

11.9

8.1

5.4

CGN

144

9.1

8.5

5.0

CGN

153

13.5

8.3

4.8

**Table 2.** Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Pressure and LES Relaxation Duration in Controls and in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
LES parameters	Type of swallow	Controls (n = 15)	CRF patients (n = 9)	P-values
The results are shown as median (range).
a: P < 0.05, statistically significant
b: 0.05 < P < 0.1, tendency towards significance
LES resting pressure (mm Hg)		21.0 (14.0 - 49.0)	42.0 (7.0 - 95.0)	0.09^b
	Dry	9.4 (6.6 - 10.8)	5.6 (3.4 - 8.3)	0.0001^a
LES relaxation duration (seconds)	Wet	9.9 (8.5 - 12.6)	7.5 (5.7 - 8.4)	< 0.0001^a
	Syrup	9.7 (6.6 - 11.8)	7.6 (4.3 - 8.0)	0.0001^a

Table 2. Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) Pressure and LES Relaxation Duration in Controls and in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

LES parameters

Type of swallow

Controls (n = 15)

CRF patients (n = 9)

P-values

The results are shown as median (range).

a: P < 0.05, statistically significant

b: 0.05 < P < 0.1, tendency towards significance

LES resting pressure (mm Hg)

21.0 (14.0 - 49.0)

42.0 (7.0 - 95.0)

0.09^b

Dry

9.4 (6.6 - 10.8)

5.6 (3.4 - 8.3)

0.0001^a

LES relaxation duration (seconds)

Wet

9.9 (8.5 - 12.6)

7.5 (5.7 - 8.4)

< 0.0001^a

Syrup

9.7 (6.6 - 11.8)

7.6 (4.3 - 8.0)

0.0001^a

**Table 3.** Amplitude, Duration and Velocity of Esophageal Contractions in Controls and in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
Contraction parameters	Type of swallow	Esophageal site	Controls (n = 15)	CRF patients (n = 9)	P-values
The results are shown as median (range).
a: P < 0.05, statistically significant
b: 0.05 < P < 0.1, tendency towards significance
Amplitude (mm Hg)	Dry	15	31 (12 - 84)	38 (31 - 92)	0.008^a
		10	46 (25 - 143)	46 (12 - 91)	0.59
		5	64 (28 - 187)	70 (24 - 111)	0.95
	Wet	15	33 (24 - 121)	96 (29 - 120)	0.01^a
		10	64 (35 - 182)	130 (21 - 151)	0.19
		5	116 (50 - 313)	150 (23 - 235)	0.34
	Syrup	15	36 (20 - 89)	56 (24 - 105)	0.04^a
		10	72 (30 - 170)	68 (20 - 125)	0.95
		5	103 (30 - 224)	81 (25 - 210)	0.90
Duration (s)	Dry	15	3.6 (2.3 - 5.2)	3.7 (1.1 - 5.3)	0.60
		10	3.9 (3.2 - 5.9)	4.5 (2.1 - 6.5)	0.19
		5	4.3 (2.8 - 8.8)	5.1 (4.2 - 7.3)	0.07^b
	Wet	15	3.5 (2.5 - 5.2)	4.2 (1.9 - 5.2)	0.09^b
		10	4.5 (2.7 - 5.7)	5.7 (1.8 - 7.1)	0.003^a
		5	4.9 (3.4 - 12.7)	6.0 (4.5 - 10.1)	0.04^a
	Syrup	15	3.9 (2.2 - 4.9)	3.9 (1.1 - 5.3)	1.00
		10	4.2 (3.4 - 5.9)	5.3 (2.0 - 6.6)	0.21
		5	4.7 (3.2 - 10.8)	5.3 (4.6 - 7.7)	0.09^b
Velocity (cm/s)	Dry	15-10	3.9 (1.8 - 7.0)	3.7 (2.4 - 5.0)	0.81
		10-5	4.8 (1.9 - 8.2)	2.5 (1.6 - 6.4)	0.006^a
	Wet	15-10	3.2 (1.5 - 5.4)	3.3 (1.8 - 4.5)	1.00
		10-5	4.0 (1.8 - 6.9)	2.5 (1.5 - 10.4)	0.09^b
	Syrup	15-10	3.4 (1.8 - 7.0)	2.8 (2.0 - 4.4)	0.86
		10-5	4.3 (1.8 - 7.0)	2.5 (1.4 - 7.6)	0.02^a

Table 3. Amplitude, Duration and Velocity of Esophageal Contractions in Controls and in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

Contraction parameters

Type of swallow

Esophageal site

Controls (n = 15)

CRF patients (n = 9)

P-values

The results are shown as median (range).

a: P < 0.05, statistically significant

b: 0.05 < P < 0.1, tendency towards significance

Amplitude (mm Hg)

Dry

31 (12 - 84)

38 (31 - 92)

0.008^a

46 (25 - 143)

46 (12 - 91)

0.59

64 (28 - 187)

70 (24 - 111)

0.95

Wet

33 (24 - 121)

96 (29 - 120)

0.01^a

64 (35 - 182)

130 (21 - 151)

0.19

116 (50 - 313)

150 (23 - 235)

0.34

Syrup

36 (20 - 89)

56 (24 - 105)

0.04^a

72 (30 - 170)

68 (20 - 125)

0.95

103 (30 - 224)

81 (25 - 210)

0.90

Duration (s)

Dry

3.6 (2.3 - 5.2)

3.7 (1.1 - 5.3)

0.60

3.9 (3.2 - 5.9)

4.5 (2.1 - 6.5)

0.19

4.3 (2.8 - 8.8)

5.1 (4.2 - 7.3)

0.07^b

Wet

3.5 (2.5 - 5.2)

4.2 (1.9 - 5.2)

0.09^b

4.5 (2.7 - 5.7)

5.7 (1.8 - 7.1)

0.003^a

4.9 (3.4 - 12.7)

6.0 (4.5 - 10.1)

0.04^a

Syrup

3.9 (2.2 - 4.9)

3.9 (1.1 - 5.3)

1.00

4.2 (3.4 - 5.9)

5.3 (2.0 - 6.6)

0.21

4.7 (3.2 - 10.8)

5.3 (4.6 - 7.7)

0.09^b

Velocity (cm/s)

Dry

15-10

3.9 (1.8 - 7.0)

3.7 (2.4 - 5.0)

0.81

10-5

4.8 (1.9 - 8.2)

2.5 (1.6 - 6.4)

0.006^a

Wet

15-10

3.2 (1.5 - 5.4)

3.3 (1.8 - 4.5)

1.00

10-5

4.0 (1.8 - 6.9)

2.5 (1.5 - 10.4)

0.09^b

Syrup

15-10

3.4 (1.8 - 7.0)

2.8 (2.0 - 4.4)

0.86

10-5

4.3 (1.8 - 7.0)

2.5 (1.4 - 7.6)

0.02^a