Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 16, Number 1, February 2023, pages 17-24

A Comparative Analysis of Bleeding Peptic Ulcers in Hospitalizations With and Without End-Stage Renal Disease

Figure 1. Trends of length of stay, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) utilization and all-cause inpatient mortality for peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) hospitalizations with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States.

Figure 2. Trends of length of stay, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) utilization and all-cause inpatient mortality for peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) hospitalizations without end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States.

**Table 1.** Hospitalization Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding (PUB) Hospitalizations With and Without End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States From 2007 to 2014
Variables	PUB with ESRD	PUB without ESRD	P value
H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.
Total number of hospitalizations	351,965	2,037,037
Age (years)	71.6	63.5	< 0.001
Gender			< 0.001
Male	196,360 (55.8%)	997,936 (49%)
Female	155,605 (44.2%)	1,039,101 (51%)
Race			< 0.001
White	198,644 (63.2%)	1,297,454 (72.4%)
Black	63,585 (20.2%)	221,799 (12.4%)
Hispanic	28,831 (9.2%)	152,650 (8.5%)
Asian	14,125 (4.5%)	59,707 (3.3%)
Native American	1,677 (0.5%)	10,830 (0.6%)
Others	7,648 (2.4%)	49,999 (2.8%)
H. pylori infection	13,527 (3.8%)	116,849 (5.7%)	< 0.001
Inpatient mortality	18,949 (5.4%)	53,352 (2.6%)	< 0.001
Length of stay (days)	8.2	6	< 0.001
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)	72,840 (20.7%)	389,784 (19.1%)	< 0.001
Hospital bed size			< 0.001
Large	219,322 (62.7%)	1,230,296 (60.7%)
Medium	89,445 (25.6%)	533,817 (26.3%)
Small	41,301 (11.8%)	262,116 (12.9%)
Hospital location			< 0.001
Urban teaching	167,709 (47.9%)	924,791 (45.6%)
Urban non-teaching	150,220 (42.9%)	871,869 (43%)
Rural	32,139 (9.2%)	229,569 (11.3%)
Hospital region			< 0.001
Northeast	60,192 (17.1%)	368,414 (18.1%)
Midwest	86,813 (24.7%)	481,810 (23.7%)
South	131,181 (37.3%)	786,158 (38.6%)
West	73,779 (21%)	400,654 (19.7%)
Primary payer			< 0.001
Medicare	269,817 (76.8%)	1,073,633 (52.8%)
Medicaid	23,821 (6.8%)	204,515 (10.1%)
Private	45,460 (12.9%)	534,371 (26.3%)
Self-pay	6,585 (1.9%)	141,970 (7%)
Median household income (quartile)			< 0.001
1st (0 - 25th)	105,810 (30.7%)	569,429 (28.6%)
2nd (26th - 50th)	89,408 (25.9%)	530,758 (26.7%)
3rd (51st - 75th)	81,799 (23.7%)	479,937 (24.1%)
4th (76th - 100th)	67,885 (19.7%)	410,205 (20.6%)

Table 1. Hospitalization Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding (PUB) Hospitalizations With and Without End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States From 2007 to 2014

Variables

PUB with ESRD

PUB without ESRD

P value

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Total number of hospitalizations

351,965

2,037,037

Age (years)

71.6

63.5

< 0.001

Gender

< 0.001

Male

196,360 (55.8%)

997,936 (49%)

Female

155,605 (44.2%)

1,039,101 (51%)

Race

< 0.001

White

198,644 (63.2%)

1,297,454 (72.4%)

Black

63,585 (20.2%)

221,799 (12.4%)

Hispanic

28,831 (9.2%)

152,650 (8.5%)

Asian

14,125 (4.5%)

59,707 (3.3%)

Native American

1,677 (0.5%)

10,830 (0.6%)

Others

7,648 (2.4%)

49,999 (2.8%)

H. pylori infection

13,527 (3.8%)

116,849 (5.7%)

< 0.001

Inpatient mortality

18,949 (5.4%)

53,352 (2.6%)

< 0.001

Length of stay (days)

8.2

< 0.001

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

72,840 (20.7%)

389,784 (19.1%)

< 0.001

Hospital bed size

< 0.001

Large

219,322 (62.7%)

1,230,296 (60.7%)

Medium

89,445 (25.6%)

533,817 (26.3%)

Small

41,301 (11.8%)

262,116 (12.9%)

Hospital location

< 0.001

Urban teaching

167,709 (47.9%)

924,791 (45.6%)

Urban non-teaching

150,220 (42.9%)

871,869 (43%)

Rural

32,139 (9.2%)

229,569 (11.3%)

Hospital region

< 0.001

Northeast

60,192 (17.1%)

368,414 (18.1%)

Midwest

86,813 (24.7%)

481,810 (23.7%)

South

131,181 (37.3%)

786,158 (38.6%)

West

73,779 (21%)

400,654 (19.7%)

Primary payer

< 0.001

Medicare

269,817 (76.8%)

1,073,633 (52.8%)

Medicaid

23,821 (6.8%)

204,515 (10.1%)

Private

45,460 (12.9%)

534,371 (26.3%)

Self-pay

6,585 (1.9%)

141,970 (7%)

Median household income (quartile)

< 0.001

1st (0 - 25th)

105,810 (30.7%)

569,429 (28.6%)

2nd (26th - 50th)

89,408 (25.9%)

530,758 (26.7%)

3rd (51st - 75th)

81,799 (23.7%)

479,937 (24.1%)

4th (76th - 100th)

67,885 (19.7%)

410,205 (20.6%)

**Table 2.** Independent Predictors of All-Cause Inpatient Mortality for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding (PUB) Hospitalizations With End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States From 2007 to 2014
Variables	Odds ratio (OR)	95% confidence interval (CI)
Age	0.994	0.991 - 0.997
Male (reference = female)	0.974	0.908 - 1.044
Black (reference = White)	0.757	0.683 - 0.840
Hispanic (reference = White)	0.953	0.834 - 1.089
Asian or Pacific Islander (reference = White)	0.788	0.650 - 0.955
Native American (reference = White)	1.421	0.934 - 2.162
2011 - 2014 study period (reference = 2007 - 2010)	0.696	0.645 - 0.751

Table 2. Independent Predictors of All-Cause Inpatient Mortality for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding (PUB) Hospitalizations With End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in the United States From 2007 to 2014

Variables

Odds ratio (OR)

95% confidence interval (CI)

Age

0.994

0.991 - 0.997

Male (reference = female)

0.974

0.908 - 1.044

Black (reference = White)

0.757

0.683 - 0.840

Hispanic (reference = White)

0.953

0.834 - 1.089

Asian or Pacific Islander (reference = White)

0.788

0.650 - 0.955

Native American (reference = White)

1.421

0.934 - 2.162

2011 - 2014 study period (reference = 2007 - 2010)

0.696

0.645 - 0.751