Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 4, August 2022, pages 155-161

Transnasal Endoscopy for Children and Adolescents With Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Single-Center Experience

**Table 1.** Study Information
TNE: transnasal endoscopy; BP: blood pressure; HR: heart rate; VR: visual reality; sEGD: sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy; F: female; M: male; IQR: interquartile range.
Age	Mean = 12.62 (4 - 20)
	Median = 13 (IQR: 10 - 15; range: 4 - 20)
Gender	6 F (18.2%) and 27 M (81.8%) = 33 total patients, 1 F and 1 M failed included
TNE procedures/patient	22 underwent one, 3 underwent two, 2 underwent three, 4 underwent four, 1 underwent six, 1 underwent nine
TNE success rate	93.9% (31/33 patients)
	96.9% (63/65 procedures)
Total TNE visit duration	Mean = 35.5 min; 48 procedures with available times
	Median = 33.5 min (IQR: 29 - 43 min; range: 17 - 60 min)
Total sEGD visit duration	Mean = 162.3 min (31 procedures)
	Median = 158 min (IQR: 124 - 197 min; range: 66 - 250 min)
Total TNE procedure time	Mean = 7.4 min; 58 procedures with available times
	Median = 7 min (IQR: 6 - 8.3 min; range: 5 - 13 min)
Total sEGD endoscopy procedure time	Mean = 8.2 min
	Median = 7 min (IQR: 5 - 9.5 min; range: 4 - 21 min)
Bronchoscope used	BF-XP190 = 30.8% (20/65 procedures)
	BF-P190 = 69.2% (45/65 procedures)
Elevated BP prior to TNE	Yes 54.2% (32/59 procedures; 23/31 patients = 74.2%)
	No 45.8% (27/59 procedures; 8/31 patients = 25.8%)
Elevated BP prior to sEGD	Yes 45.2% (14/31 procedures; 14/31 patients = 45.2%)
	No 54.8% (17/31 procedures; 17/31 patients = 54.8%)
Elevated HR prior to TNE	Yes 13.3% (8/60 procedures; 5/31 patients = 16.1%)
	No 86,7% (52/60 procedures; 26/31 patients = 83.9%)
Elevated HR prior to sEGD	Yes 9.7% (3/31 procedures; 3/31 patients)
	No 90.3% (28/31 procedures; 28/31 patients)
Adverse events with TNE procedures
Pain from procedure	Yes = 7.8% (4/51 available procedures)
	No = 92.2% (47/51 available procedures)
Nose bleed	1.5% (1/65 procedures; failed ones included)
Other complications	No hypoxia, bleeding, or infection
VR goggles in TNE procedure	Yes = 16.7% of patients (5/30 patients with available data)
	No = 83.3% of patients (25/30 patients with available data)
	Yes = 19.3% of procedures (12/62 procedures with available data)
	No = 80.7% of procedures (50/62 procedures with available data)
	3/33 patients = N/A
Versed with TNE procedures	Yes = 7.7% (5/65 procedures; 1/33 patients)
	No = 92.3% (60/65 procedures; 32/33 patients)
Fellow participation in TNE procedure	9.1% of all patients (3/33 patients)
	7.7% of total procedures (5/65 procedures: 4/65 completed by fellow and 1/65 fellow unsuccessful, completed by attending)

Table 1. Study Information

TNE: transnasal endoscopy; BP: blood pressure; HR: heart rate; VR: visual reality; sEGD: sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy; F: female; M: male; IQR: interquartile range.

Age

Mean = 12.62 (4 - 20)

Median = 13 (IQR: 10 - 15; range: 4 - 20)

Gender

6 F (18.2%) and 27 M (81.8%) = 33 total patients, 1 F and 1 M failed included

TNE procedures/patient

22 underwent one, 3 underwent two, 2 underwent three, 4 underwent four, 1 underwent six, 1 underwent nine

TNE success rate

93.9% (31/33 patients)

96.9% (63/65 procedures)

Total TNE visit duration

Mean = 35.5 min; 48 procedures with available times

Median = 33.5 min (IQR: 29 - 43 min; range: 17 - 60 min)

Total sEGD visit duration

Mean = 162.3 min (31 procedures)

Median = 158 min (IQR: 124 - 197 min; range: 66 - 250 min)

Total TNE procedure time

Mean = 7.4 min; 58 procedures with available times

Median = 7 min (IQR: 6 - 8.3 min; range: 5 - 13 min)

Total sEGD endoscopy procedure time

Mean = 8.2 min

Median = 7 min (IQR: 5 - 9.5 min; range: 4 - 21 min)

Bronchoscope used

BF-XP190 = 30.8% (20/65 procedures)

BF-P190 = 69.2% (45/65 procedures)

Elevated BP prior to TNE

Yes 54.2% (32/59 procedures; 23/31 patients = 74.2%)

No 45.8% (27/59 procedures; 8/31 patients = 25.8%)

Elevated BP prior to sEGD

Yes 45.2% (14/31 procedures; 14/31 patients = 45.2%)

No 54.8% (17/31 procedures; 17/31 patients = 54.8%)

Elevated HR prior to TNE

Yes 13.3% (8/60 procedures; 5/31 patients = 16.1%)

No 86,7% (52/60 procedures; 26/31 patients = 83.9%)

Elevated HR prior to sEGD

Yes 9.7% (3/31 procedures; 3/31 patients)

No 90.3% (28/31 procedures; 28/31 patients)

Adverse events with TNE procedures

Pain from procedure

Yes = 7.8% (4/51 available procedures)

No = 92.2% (47/51 available procedures)

Nose bleed

1.5% (1/65 procedures; failed ones included)

Other complications

No hypoxia, bleeding, or infection

VR goggles in TNE procedure

Yes = 16.7% of patients (5/30 patients with available data)

No = 83.3% of patients (25/30 patients with available data)

Yes = 19.3% of procedures (12/62 procedures with available data)

No = 80.7% of procedures (50/62 procedures with available data)

3/33 patients = N/A

Versed with TNE procedures

Yes = 7.7% (5/65 procedures; 1/33 patients)

No = 92.3% (60/65 procedures; 32/33 patients)

Fellow participation in TNE procedure

9.1% of all patients (3/33 patients)

7.7% of total procedures (5/65 procedures: 4/65 completed by fellow and 1/65 fellow unsuccessful, completed by attending)

**Table 2.** Correlation Between Elevated BP, Number of TNE and Distraction Methods
	Total number of TNEs	Elevated BP	Number of TNEs with elevated BP	Elevated BP for all TNEs	Elevated BP on subsequent TNEs but not initial TNE	Elevated BP then no elevated BP	Distraction method
TNE: transnasal endoscopy; BP: blood pressure; TV: television; VR: visual reality; N/A: not available.
1	9	Yes	1 (7)	No	Yes	Yes	TV
2	4	No	0	No	No	No	VR goggles
3	4	Yes	1 (3)	No	Yes	Yes	TV
4	4	Yes	3 (2, 3, 4)	No	Yes	No	TV
5	4	Yes	4 (1, 2, 3, 4)	Yes	No	No	VR goggles
6	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
7	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
8	2	Yes	1 (2)	No	Yes	No	TV
9	6	Yes	3 (4, 5, 6)	No	Yes	No	TV
10	3	No	0	No	No	No	TV
11	3	Yes	1 (3)	No	Yes	No	TV
12	2	Yes	2 (1,2)	Yes	No	No	TV
13	2	Yes	2 (1,2)	Yes	No	No	TV
14	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
15	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
16	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
17	1	No	0	No	No	No	VR goggles
18	1	No	0	No	No	No	TV
19	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
20	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
21	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
22	1	No	0	No	No	No	VR goggles
23	1	No	0	No	No	No	VR goggles
24	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
25	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
26	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
27	1	No	0	No	No	No	TV
28	1	No	0	No	No	No	VR goggles
29	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
30	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
31	1	Yes	1 (1)	Yes	No	No	TV
32	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	TV
33	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	TV

Table 2. Correlation Between Elevated BP, Number of TNE and Distraction Methods

Total number of TNEs

Elevated BP

Number of TNEs with elevated BP

Elevated BP for all TNEs

Elevated BP on subsequent TNEs but not initial TNE

Elevated BP then no elevated BP

Distraction method

TNE: transnasal endoscopy; BP: blood pressure; TV: television; VR: visual reality; N/A: not available.

Yes

1 (7)

Yes

VR goggles

Yes

1 (3)

Yes

3 (2, 3, 4)

Yes

4 (1, 2, 3, 4)

Yes

VR goggles

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (2)

Yes

3 (4, 5, 6)

Yes

1 (3)

Yes

2 (1,2)

Yes

2 (1,2)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

VR goggles

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

VR goggles

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

VR goggles

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

1 (1)

Yes

N/A

**Table 3.** Correlation Between Elevated BP Prior to TNE and sEGD
	Elevated BP before TNE	Elevated BP before sEGD
TNE: transnasal endoscopy; BP: blood pressure; sEGD: sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy; N/A: not available.
1	Yes	No
2	No	No
3	Yes	Yes
4	Yes	Yes
5	Yes	Yes
6	Yes	Yes
7	Yes	Yes
8	Yes	No
9	Yes	No
10	No	No
11	Yes	No
12	Yes	Yes
13	Yes	No
14	Yes	Yes
15	Yes	No
16	Yes	No
17	No	No
18	No	No
19	Yes	No
20	Yes	Yes
21	Yes	Yes
22	No	N/A
23	No	No
24	Yes	Yes
25	Yes	Yes
26	Yes	Yes
27	No	No
28	No	Yes
29	Yes	Yes
30	Yes	No
31	Yes	No
32	N/A	N/A
33	N/A	N/A

Table 3. Correlation Between Elevated BP Prior to TNE and sEGD

Elevated BP before TNE

Elevated BP before sEGD

TNE: transnasal endoscopy; BP: blood pressure; sEGD: sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy; N/A: not available.

Yes

N/A

Yes

N/A