Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 1, February 2021, pages 21-30

Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Retrospective Comparative Outcome Study From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample

**Table 1.** Patient and Hospital Characteristics of Hospitalizations for Gastroparesis
Variable	Diabetic gastroparesis (%)	Non-diabetic gastroparesis (%)	P value
^a2017. CHF: congestive heart failure; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; IHD: ischemic heart disease.
Sample size	77,885 (78.1%)	21,810 (21.9%)
Patient characteristics
Age, mean	47.3	47.4	0.676
Women	63.4	79.3	< 0.001
Racial distribution			< 0.001
White	40.2	69.8
Black	35.4	17.4
Hispanic	14.2	6.7
Others	7.2	6.1
Insurance type			< 0.001
Medicaid	43.8	40.2
Medicare	28.5	22.0
Private	21.7	33.2
Uninsured	6.0	4.6
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score			< 0.001
0	0.1	52.3
1	1.5	25.3
2	39.3	11.4
≥ 3	59.1	11.0
Median annual income in patient’s zip code (USD^a)			< 0.001
1 - 43,999	42.6	31.2
44,000 - 55,999	25.5	27.6
56,000 - 73,999	20.2	23.3
≥ 7 4,000	11.7	17.9
Comorbidities
Hypertension	40.5	32.8	< 0.001
Smoking history	31.7	35.8	< 0.001
CHF	13.0	4.9	< 0.001
CKD	32.1	6.6	< 0.001
Obesity	18.6	13.7	< 0.001
Chronic IHD	18.7	8.4	< 0.001
Prior CVA	2.1	0.9	< 0.001
COPD	7.6	10.7	< 0.001
Electrolyte derangements	38.8	36.6	0.020
Hospital characteristics
Hospital region			0.026
Northeast	15.0	16.3
Midwest	18.8	17.9
South	48.3	50.1
West	17.9	15.7
Hospital bed size			0.201
Small	18.4	16.7
Medium	31.2	31.7
Large	50.4	51.6
Urban location	92.8	93.5	0.121
Teaching hospital	68.0	70.3	0.019

Table 1. Patient and Hospital Characteristics of Hospitalizations for Gastroparesis

Variable

Diabetic gastroparesis (%)

Non-diabetic gastroparesis (%)

P value

^a2017. CHF: congestive heart failure; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; IHD: ischemic heart disease.

Sample size

77,885 (78.1%)

21,810 (21.9%)

Patient characteristics

Age, mean

47.3

47.4

0.676

Women

63.4

79.3

< 0.001

Racial distribution

< 0.001

White

40.2

69.8

Black

35.4

17.4

Hispanic

14.2

6.7

Others

7.2

6.1

Insurance type

< 0.001

Medicaid

43.8

40.2

Medicare

28.5

22.0

Private

21.7

33.2

Uninsured

6.0

4.6

Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score

< 0.001

0.1

52.3

1.5

25.3

39.3

11.4

≥ 3

59.1

11.0

Median annual income in patient’s zip code (USD^a)

< 0.001

1 - 43,999

42.6

31.2

44,000 - 55,999

25.5

27.6

56,000 - 73,999

20.2

23.3

≥ 7 4,000

11.7

17.9

Comorbidities

Hypertension

40.5

32.8

< 0.001

Smoking history

31.7

35.8

< 0.001

CHF

13.0

4.9

< 0.001

CKD

32.1

6.6

< 0.001

Obesity

18.6

13.7

< 0.001

Chronic IHD

18.7

8.4

< 0.001

Prior CVA

2.1

0.9

< 0.001

COPD

7.6

10.7

< 0.001

Electrolyte derangements

38.8

36.6

0.020

Hospital characteristics

Hospital region

0.026

Northeast

15.0

16.3

Midwest

18.8

17.9

South

48.3

50.1

West

17.9

15.7

Hospital bed size

0.201

Small

18.4

16.7

Medium

31.2

31.7

Large

50.4

51.6

Urban location

92.8

93.5

0.121

Teaching hospital

68.0

70.3

0.019

**Table 2.** Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Gastroparesis
Outcome	DGP (%)	NDGP (%)	aOR (95% CI)	P value*
*Statistically significant. ^aAdjusted mean difference. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AKI: acute kidney injury; DGP: diabetic gastroparesis; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; NDGP: non-diabetic gastroparesis; PE: pulmonary embolism.
Primary outcome
In hospital mortality	0.23	0.30	3.18 (1.75 - 5.79)	< 0.001*
Secondary outcomes
Mean length of stay	4.1	5.0	1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)^a	< 0.001*
Mean total hospital charges (USD)	35,500	44,100	14,000 (11,500 - 16,500)^a	< 0.001*
Sepsis	0.53	0.64	1.70 (1.02 - 2.84)	0.043*
AKI	20.60	8.09	0.63 (0.55 - 0.72)	< 0.001*
DVT	0.91	1.05	1.91 (1.27 - 2.87)	0.002*
PE	0.19	0.37	2.28 (1.03 - 5.02)	0.041*

Table 2. Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Gastroparesis

Outcome

DGP (%)

NDGP (%)

aOR (95% CI)

P value*

*Statistically significant. ^aAdjusted mean difference. aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; AKI: acute kidney injury; DGP: diabetic gastroparesis; DVT: deep venous thrombosis; NDGP: non-diabetic gastroparesis; PE: pulmonary embolism.

Primary outcome

In hospital mortality

0.23

0.30

3.18 (1.75 - 5.79)

< 0.001*

Secondary outcomes

Mean length of stay

4.1

5.0

1.4 (1.2 - 1.6)^a

< 0.001*

Mean total hospital charges (USD)

35,500

44,100

14,000 (11,500 - 16,500)^a

< 0.001*

Sepsis

0.53

0.64

1.70 (1.02 - 2.84)

0.043*

AKI

20.60

8.09

0.63 (0.55 - 0.72)

< 0.001*

DVT

0.91

1.05

1.91 (1.27 - 2.87)

0.002*

0.19

0.37

2.28 (1.03 - 5.02)

0.041*