Gastroenterol Res

Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 13, Number 3, June 2020, pages 107-113

Evaluation of Roles of MicroRNA-21 and MicroRNA-18a in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Comparison of Their Changes in Expression Post-Chemoradiotherapy

Figure 1. (a) Relative quantification (RQ) of miRNA-21 in ESCC patients (P) and controls (C). (b) RQ of miRNA-18a in ESCC P and C. ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 2. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve expression profile obtained from microarray for miRNA-21 and miRNA-18a, respectively.

Figure 3. (a) Relative quantification (RQ) of miRNA-21 in ESCC patients in treatment-naive patient (pre-CRT) and after completion of their CRT (post-CRT). (b) RQ of miRNA-18a in ESCC patients in pre-CRT and post-CRT. ESCC: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; CRT: chemoradiotherapy.

**Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics of Patients and Expression Profile of MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-18a
Variable	Patients (n = 30)	MiRNA-21 mean expression (RQ) ± SD	P value^a	MiRNA-18a mean expression (RQ) ± SD	P value^b
^aP value of miRNA-21; ^bP value of miRNA-18a. MiRNA: microRNA; RQ: relative quantification; SD: standard deviation.
Age
< 60 years	20	65.31 ± 64.81	0.948	165.01 ± 289.59	0.746
≥ 60 years	10	53.60 ± 33.45		72.52 ± 39.27
Sex
Male	19	16.75 ± 17.34	0.445	30.28 ± 37.39	0.832
Female	11	19.50 ± 14.58		50.19 ± 101.31
Risk factors
Smoking
Yes	13 (43.33%)	58.66 ± 61.219	0.68	37.61 ± 42.09	0.245
No	17 (56.66%)	63.51 ± 53.41		37.55 ± 82.65
Tobacco chewing
Yes	15 (50%)	14.82 ± 13.55	0.461	23.73 ± 35.83	0.267
No	15 (50%)	20.69 ± 18.44		51.43 ± 87.36
Alcohol
Yes	7	21.35 ± 19.65	0.564	7.38 ± 6.62	0.61
No	23	14.66 ± 13.11		4.15 ± 9.31

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Patients and Expression Profile of MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-18a

Variable

Patients (n = 30)

MiRNA-21 mean expression (RQ) ± SD

P value^a

MiRNA-18a mean expression (RQ) ± SD

P value^b

^aP value of miRNA-21; ^bP value of miRNA-18a. MiRNA: microRNA; RQ: relative quantification; SD: standard deviation.

Age

< 60 years

65.31 ± 64.81

0.948

165.01 ± 289.59

0.746

≥ 60 years

53.60 ± 33.45

72.52 ± 39.27

Sex

Male

16.75 ± 17.34

0.445

30.28 ± 37.39

0.832

Female

19.50 ± 14.58

50.19 ± 101.31

Risk factors

Smoking

Yes

13 (43.33%)

58.66 ± 61.219

0.68

37.61 ± 42.09

0.245

17 (56.66%)

63.51 ± 53.41

37.55 ± 82.65

Tobacco chewing

Yes

15 (50%)

14.82 ± 13.55

0.461

23.73 ± 35.83

0.267

15 (50%)

20.69 ± 18.44

51.43 ± 87.36

Alcohol

Yes

21.35 ± 19.65

0.564

7.38 ± 6.62

0.61

14.66 ± 13.11

4.15 ± 9.31

**Table 2.** Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients and Expression Profile of MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-18a
Variable	Patients (n = 30)	MiRNA-21 mean expression (RQ) ± SD	P value^{a, b}	MiRNA-18a mean expression (RQ) ± SD	P value^{a, c}
^aP values are from χ² or Fisher’s exact probability test and were considered significant as 0.05. ^bP value of miRNA-21. ^cP value of miRNA-18a. ^dClinical classification. ^eTNM classification. MiRNA: microRNA; RQ: relative quantification; SD: standard deviation.
Dysphagia
Grade 4	0	-	0.054	-	0.649
Grade 3	16	18.44 ± 13.03		34.31 ± 38.56
Grade 2	11	21.04 ± 20.43		19.21 ± 17.46
Grade 1	3	2.05 ± 1.25		122.38 ± 199.71
Tumor invasion
cT1^d	5	990.93 ± 999.92	0.004	52.24 ± 88.27	0.743
cT2^d	6	3,266.39 ± 5,282.25		16.52 ± 21.56
cT3^d	15	5,738.60 ± 3,525.74		18.29 ± 21.63
cT4^d	4	10,438.12 ± 5,129.27		8.29 ± 2.41
Lymph node metastasis
Absent	10	3,655.72 ± 5,938.40	0.011	29.57 ± 63.63	0.502
Present	20	5,791.36 ± 3,793.10		18.59 ± 21.20
Distant metastasis
Absent	26	4,315.09 ± 4,005.00	0.038	23.16 ± 42.28	0.617
Present	4	10,048.01 ± 5,950.24		16.34 ± 12.92
Stage^e
I, II	10	2,247.64 ± 4,184.69	0.001	35.45 ± 63.40	0.846
III, IV	20	6,495.40 ± 4,250.43		15.63 ± 19.18
Histology grading
Well-differentiated	12	14.25 ± 13.02	0.439	44.62 ± 98.04	0.549
Moderately differentiated	18	20.09 ± 17.95		32.89 ± 37.46
Poorly differentiated	0	-		-

Table 2. Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients and Expression Profile of MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-18a

Variable

Patients (n = 30)

MiRNA-21 mean expression (RQ) ± SD

P value^{a, b}

MiRNA-18a mean expression (RQ) ± SD

P value^{a, c}

^aP values are from χ² or Fisher’s exact probability test and were considered significant as 0.05. ^bP value of miRNA-21. ^cP value of miRNA-18a. ^dClinical classification. ^eTNM classification. MiRNA: microRNA; RQ: relative quantification; SD: standard deviation.

Dysphagia

Grade 4

0.054

0.649

Grade 3

18.44 ± 13.03

34.31 ± 38.56

Grade 2

21.04 ± 20.43

19.21 ± 17.46

Grade 1

2.05 ± 1.25

122.38 ± 199.71

Tumor invasion

cT1^d

990.93 ± 999.92

0.004

52.24 ± 88.27

0.743

cT2^d

3,266.39 ± 5,282.25

16.52 ± 21.56

cT3^d

5,738.60 ± 3,525.74

18.29 ± 21.63

cT4^d

10,438.12 ± 5,129.27

8.29 ± 2.41

Lymph node metastasis

Absent

3,655.72 ± 5,938.40

0.011

29.57 ± 63.63

0.502

Present

5,791.36 ± 3,793.10

18.59 ± 21.20

Distant metastasis

Absent

4,315.09 ± 4,005.00

0.038

23.16 ± 42.28

0.617

Present

10,048.01 ± 5,950.24

16.34 ± 12.92

Stage^e

I, II

2,247.64 ± 4,184.69

0.001

35.45 ± 63.40

0.846

III, IV

6,495.40 ± 4,250.43

15.63 ± 19.18

Histology grading

Well-differentiated

14.25 ± 13.02

0.439

44.62 ± 98.04

0.549

Moderately differentiated

20.09 ± 17.95

32.89 ± 37.46

Poorly differentiated

**Table 3.** AUC of Expression Profile of MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-18a Using ROC Curve
Variable	Area	SE^a	Asymptotic significance^b	95% CI
^aUnder the nonparametric assumption. ^bNull hypothesis: true area = 0.5. AUC: area under the curve; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.
MiRNA-18a	0.900	0.047	0.001	0.809	0.991
MiRNA-21	0.997	0.004	0.001	0.989	1.000

Table 3. AUC of Expression Profile of MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-18a Using ROC Curve

Variable

Area

SE^a

Asymptotic significance^b

95% CI

Lower bound

Upper bound

^aUnder the nonparametric assumption. ^bNull hypothesis: true area = 0.5. AUC: area under the curve; ROC: receiver operating characteristic; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.

MiRNA-18a

0.900

0.047

0.001

0.809

0.991

MiRNA-21

0.997

0.004

0.001

0.989

1.000