Gastroenterology Research, ISSN 1918-2805 print, 1918-2813 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Gastroenterol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.gastrores.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 3, June 2018, pages 195-199

Possible Risk Factors for Candida Esophagitis in Immunocompetent Individuals

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Candida esophagitis in one of the study patients.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Hematoxylin and eosin stain of candida esophagitis biopsy in a study patient. Magnification × 200.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Methenamine silver stain of candida esophagitis biopsy in a study patient. Pseudohyphae appear black in this stain. Magnification × 200.

Tables

Table 1. Comorbidities and Endoscopic Findings in the Study Population (n = 80)
 
n (%)
Comorbidities*
  Asthma13 (16.3%)
  Hypertension11 (13.8%)
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease11 (13.8%)
  Hyperlipidemia7 (8.8%)
  Gallbladder stones6 (7.5%)
  Coronary artery disease4 (5.0%)
  Thyroid disorder (hypo- or hyperthyroidism)4 (5.0%)
  Atrial fibrillation3 (3.8%)
  Irritable bowel syndrome3 (3.8%)
  Liver cirrhosis2 (2.5%)
Indication for endoscopy
  Abdominal pain40 (50.0%)
  Evaluation of esophageal reflux13 (16.0%)
  Dysphagia9 (11.3%)
  Odynophagia5 (6.3%)
  Hematemesis4 (5.0%)
  Anemia4 (5.0%)
  Barrett’s disease (follow-up)2 (2.5%)
  Melena2 (2.5%)
  Screening for esophageal varices1 (1.3%)
Endoscopic findings
  White plaques and/or patches54 (67.5%)
  Esophagitis or esophageal friability, esophageal erythema20 (25.5%)
  Normal esophagus4 (5.0%)
  Esophageal ulcer1 (1.3%)
  Irregular z-line1 (1.3%)

 

Table 2. Clinical Factors That Might Predispose to CE in the Study Population (n = 80)
 
n (%)
Proton pump inhibitor59 (73.8%)
Corticosteroids (inhaled)15 (18.9%)
No risk factors identified16 (20.0%)
Gastroesophageal reflux50 (62.8%)
Patients with previous endoscopies prior to CE diagnosis with findings of reflux esophagitis15 (18.8%)
Patients who were started on a proton pump inhibitor therapy at the time of diagnosis of reflux esophagitis (15 patients with previous endoscopy)15 (100%)